Thinking critically 2018

What is Critical Thinking? Critical thinking is a practice that is useful for assessing the strengths and weaknesses of situations and arguments in order to determine their validity and usefulness for our lives. Critical thinking involves formal logic, argumentation, rhetoric, background knowledge and an attitude of life-long learning. Some of this can be taught while some has to be learned on one’s own.

If you have been an anarchist any length of time, no doubt you have had someone in your life try to tell you how stupid or unworkable anarchy is. They might say, “Everyone would kill everyone else if there were no government” or “Who will work at the sewage plant if no one has to work?” Critical Thinking is a tool for these and similar situations.

Formal logic can be quite technical and abstract but is just a tool for figuring out if (logical) conclusions can actually follow from the given premises or assumptions. If you take a course in formal logic you can learn all sorts of terms for valid and invalid forms of argumentation and some common fallacies. Here are some examples of common fallacies: “Appeal to Authority”, which means stating something is true because an ‘important’ person said it was. This should be an obvious error to anarchists. “Ad Hominem” means ‘argument directed to the man’, which means attacking the person making the argument rather than attacking their argument. Another is “False Dilemma” where a limited number of options is given, when there are really many options. One more is the “Straw Man” in which one attacks an argument, usually a weaker one, that is different from the actual argument given. There are a lot of these fallacies and being familiar with them can help us argue better. Formal logic has nothing to say about whether the premises are actually true (to the extent we find ‘truth’ a valid category) and as anarchists that is mostly what we are interested in. Formal logic is the most straightforward to learn but is mostly concerned with the form of argumentation, such as: all cats speak French, Bruce has a cat, therefore Bruce’s cat speaks French. The form of this is valid because the conclusion follows logically from the premises, but obviously the argument is false. Formal logic also gives us a vocabulary for a framework of assessment, such as valid vs. invalid, strong vs. weak and sound vs. unsound arguments, but most of all it can help us see consistency and contradiction in arguments.

Argumentation is broader than logic yet covers some of the same issues, though in a more philosophical manner. What does it mean to have good reasons to believe something? What are good arguments and what are bad arguments? What is an argument anyway? So, whereas logic is about the formal properties of an argument, argumentation is about the meanings of the premises and whether they make sense and/or are plausible, do they need more supporting evidence, or are they leaving out evidence that would make them invalid or untrue.

Rhetoric is making our arguments persuasive, it is about having a style of argumentation that makes others want to at least listen to what we have to say. But we must also resist the flashy persuasive rhetoric if it means trying to sell our ideas over trying to communicate.

Background knowledge is the hardest part of critical thinking because it really depends on you wanting to know about the subject at hand. If we try to argue on subjects we know nothing about we will just look stupid and if we are subjected to arguments from others on things we know nothing about we will be bamboozled beyond belief. But this doesn’t mean we have to know everything about everything. Knowing one or two subjects very well (i.e. Foucault and carpentry) and also knowing how we know things (epistemology) and what can be known or not known (what Mr. Smith had for lunch? or is there life after death?) will go a long way toward being confident and skeptical enough to wade into arguments or wade into a new subject now and again.

Having some background knowledge on many subjects comes with a commitment to life-long learning something we as anarchists ought to embrace. If our broadest project is the dismantling of this world it behooves us to be aware of theories of such a task, what their strengths and weaknesses are, what are new theories being born now.

So, when someone asks “Won’t we all kill each other without government?” we can look at their assumptions (premises) and challenge them. Does this person really think everyone’s deepest desire is to kill and the only thing stopping them is the state? Do they think police stop crimes before they happen (rather than just investigate afterward)? And so on. We can see that their conclusion is based on faulty premises and reasoning.

You can find used Logic textbooks at good bookstores which will emphasize formal, abstract logic. An anthology of critical essays will present argument in a more real world prose form and these can be found on many subjects, also at good bookstores.

Book list 2018

Book listenings

nonfiction:

Bad Feminist – Roxanne Gay

Blessed Is The Flame – Serafinski

What Is Gender Nihilism? A Reader

Encounters With The Archdruid – John McPhee

How to Be A Defendant – Tilted Scales Collective

The Platform Sutra – Huei Neng

Red Thread Zen – Susan Murphy

Anarchist Speculations – John Moore

The Humanure Handbook – Joseph Jenkins

Coming Out Like A Porn Star ed. Jiz Lee

Zen Confidential – Shozan Jack Haubner

Specters of Revolt – Richard Gilman-Opalsky

Queering Anarchism – Daring, Rogue, Shannon, and Volcano

Molecular Red: Theory for the Anthropocene – McKenzie Wark

The Mushroom at the End of the World – Anna Lowenhaupt Tsing

On the Lower Frequencies: A Secret History of the City – Erick Lyle

Plant Intelligence and the Imaginal Realm – Stephen Harrod Buhner

Cruising Utopia: The Then and There of Queer Futurity – José Esteban Muñoz

Dispatches Against Displacement: Field Notes from San Francisco’s Housing Wars – James Tracy

nonfiction include if space:

Quiet Rumors – Dark Star Collective

Anarchism & Environmental Survival – Graham Purchase

October: the story of the Russian Revolution – China Miéville
Jack London, photographer – Reesman, Hodson & Adam
Dispatches from Lesbian America – ed. Berber, Capone, Smith
Campesino a Campesino: Voices from Latin America’s Farmer to Farmer Movement for Sustainable Agriculture – Eric Holt-Giménez

fiction:

Lilith’s Brood – Octavia Butler

Tell Me How Long the Train’s Been Gone – James Baldwin

Innocence: or, Murder on Steep Street – Heda Margolius Kovály
Double Duce – Aaron Cometbus

Dr. Blood Money – Philip K. Dick

Chronicler of the Winds – Henning Mankell

Terrible Virtue – Ellen Feldman
A General Theory of Oblivion – José Eduardo Agualusa
Savage Theories – Pola Oloixarac
Amberlough – Lara Elena Donnelly
Mad Country – Samrat Upadhyay
Spoils – Brian Van Reet
The Mushroom Center Disaster – N. M. Bodecker

My Cat Yugoslavia – Pajtim Statovci
Change Agent – Daniel Suarez
The Sound and The Fury – William Faulkner

The Eternal Lightness of Being – Milan Kundera

1Q84 – Haruki Murakami

Makers – Cory Doctorow

zines:

Scam: Twenty-Fifth Anniversary Issue! – Ericka Lyle

Scream Queens – Various

 

website:

theanarchistlibrary.org

itsgoingdown.org

sub.media

Introduction to the 2018 organizer

We’re not interested in publishing a calendar for the apocalypse. Rather, what you hold in your hands is for those determined to survive and thrive as the system collapses around us. Those in power maintain their control only when the vast majority of people are confused, distracted, and divided against each other. More than ever, we’re at risk of being constantly spun by the latest outrage, which prevents us from seeing the big picture and formulating our own agenda and plans. The system wants to trap us in it’s internal logic — focusing on our fear, our sadness and our alienation. These feelings reflect the system’s simplistic structures: hierarchy, consumerism, individual economic survival.

But the world is infinitely complex. Nature and human beings depend on vast symbiotic webs of connection and cooperation. Our best defense against the system is to hold the complexity of our feelings and thoughts simultaneously and resist the impulse to dive down a particular rabbit hole or simply look away. We need to struggle to avoid dehumanizing other people either as heroes or villains.

No matter what, we’re still living it — gardening, squatting, raising kids and doing shit with our friends. Our response to the system’s cubicles and strip mines is likewise complex. It’s not just a riot or a strike, but also absurdity, playfulness, sexiness and laughing in its grim smug face. We embrace tenderness and intimacy to displace superficiality. Making wild, communal art and music recharges our joy so we can contribute back to the struggle, so we don’t get burned out or completely buried in sadness.

There is still abundant beauty and joy in the world. Let’s enjoy it as best we can, even while we acknowledge and experience the suffering, injustice and ecological collapse that is also around us. Holding both of these in our hearts deepens us and humbles us.

Our predicament is not new. The historical events in the organizer are useful for perspective, because people before us have faced long odds too, yet they fought and even won sometimes! Let’s take care of each other, feel our rage, and build community together. Community, friendship and family, mutual aid, solidarity….these are the antidote and only we can create them.

This is the 24th time we’ve amused ourselves by publishing the Slingshot organizer. Its sale raises funds to publish the quarterly, radical, independent Slingshot Newspaper. We distribute the newspaper for free everywhere in the US, often at the places listed in the Radical Contact List. Let us know if you can be a local newspaper distributor in your area. Consider sending us content for the paper. Thanks to the volunteers who created this year’s organizer: Amy, Bernard, Carah, Carmen, Christy, Cleo, Dov, Dyno, Eggplant, Elke, Fern, Fil, Francesca, Gabi, GoGo, Isabel, Jenna, Jesse, Joey, Jonathon, Julia, Karen, Katie, Kermit, Korvin, Laura, Lew, Lindsey, Michi, Nadja, Patrick, Rachel, Rip, Rooney, Sabine, Sara, Shahani, Talia, Taylor, Terilyn & those we forgot.

Slingshot Collective

A Project of Long Haul

Physical office: 3124 Shattuck Avenue Berkeley, CA 94705

Mail: PO box 3051, Berkeley, CA 94703

510-540-0751 • http://slingshot.tao.ca or slingshotcollective.org

slingshot@tao.ca or slingshotcollective@protonmail.com • @slingshotnews

 

Printed in Berkeley, CA on recycled paper

 

Anti-copyright.

 

Making great community processes after #metoo 2019

The #MeToo movement has been a game changer, empowering many people affected by sexual harassment and assault to step forward with their stories, raising the social consciousness of how utterly pervasive rape and sexual assault are in our culture. But coming forward with stories of abuse is only the first step. Next, it is important for community organizations to respond effectively. Here are some tips that may help organizations you are involved in support the victims of sexual misconduct:

• Decide on a community process to address sexual misconduct in advance. This will give organizations an opportunity to begin larger conversations about misogynist culture with an eye for prevention as well as response after the fact.

• One practice is to have designated consent counselors in your organization: several people who are generally trusted and are willing to listen to people who have experiences or concerns they want to share.

• Believe victims. Our society is deeply misogynist and tends to discount narratives that attack men. The fact that accusers have often become the subjects of scrutiny and attack themselves also makes coming forward a very difficult thing to do. For this reason it is very important to treat any accusation seriously.

• Avoid punishment-based language. Threats of violence in defense of accusers is not necessarily helpful or desired and can actually perpetuate a kind of sexist paternalism.

• Once someone has stepped forward with accusations, its important to take steps to make sure that they continue to feel safe in community spaces. This may mean banning someone for a time or removing someone from a position of power while the accusations are addressed.

• Having a process for addressing accusations that respects the accuser and echoes the values of the organization is crucial. There are several models for Restorative Justice processes that are available online. Talk about the pro’s and cons of different systems and decide ahead of time what works for your specific community/organization.

• When there is no process to handle sexual misconduct, women are often the ones who get hurt–cis and trans alike–so having a great community process in place is the best way to help your community be safer and more inviting to people of all genders!

• Consent culture is the solution to leaving behind the capitalist rape culture that harms so many victims–women, people of color, the poor, and the ecology. Compost capitalism and may consent culture bloom!

A conversation piece 2019

One of the joys of life is a good conversation; one where ideas flow and you really feel like you understand and are understood by another person. When we fail to have good conversations, we often end up feeling isolated and misunderstood. When we think about communicating better, we typically focus on saying things better but the reality is that really good conversations are had by people who know how to listen.

10 Tips for having better conversations

1. Don’t multitask. If you are listening to someone, give them your full attention. If you are distracted by worries, to do lists or your phone, you won’t be fully present.
2. Don’t pontificate. If you want to talk about an idea without being challenged or interrupted, write a blog, or a letter, or a slingshot article. A lecture can be interesting in the right context, but it’s not a conversation.
3. Try not to repeat yourself. We tend to say things over and over again, especially when we think they are important or feel they aren’t being understood. It’s not a useful way to engage another person.
4. Don’t equate your experience with the experience of others. They are not the same. Relating to someone else’s story is important but if you are always turning the focus back onto yourself, you aren’t demonstrating that you understand their experience.
5. Don’t get lost in the weeds. A lot of extra details when you are telling a story can be confusing and, in the end, the people you are talking to rarely care about the details nearly as much as how an experience has affected you or is relevant to the conversation at hand.

6. Do use open ended questions. Questions like “What was that like?” often yield far more diverse and interesting responses than questions like “Did you have a good time?”
7. Do say so if you don’t know something. Be honest with yourself and clear with others about the limits of your knowledge and the line between certainty, opinion and educated guesswork.
8. Be as brief as you can be while still getting your point across. Often, the more we talk, the less people hear what we say.
9. Go with the flow. Many thoughts come to us when we are listening to another person talk. Let them come and go. If they are important they will come back, but if you try to hold onto them, you can be distracted from the conversation at hand.
10. Listen to the person you are talking to. It sounds simple but can be very hard, especially if you disagree with them about something. Pay attention and be present so that you can go where the wave of the conversation takes you, rather than be trying to pull it back to shore.

(adapted from Celeste Headlee)

It takes a village – being friends with parents 2019

Making radical spaces and communities as inclusive as possible is an on-going project that can take many forms. Here are some tips on making it easier for people who become parents to stay involved, or to at least stay in touch with their non-parent friends:

1. If you want to see your parent friend, offer to meet them at a playground, not at a cafe. Make some coffee and bring it to the playground. Parents spend endless hours at playgrounds with their kids — mostly alone or with other parents. You might think your new parent friend is too busy to see you, but they have plenty of time so long as you meet them half-way.

2. You can start your dinner or party at 6 pm not 8 pm. Parents hear an 8 pm start time as “I’m not invited” because many have to do kid-bedtime around then.

3. You can offer to go to a parent’s house rather than making them come to you. You may have less stuff to pack up and less transportation issues. Just because you visit a parent at their house doesn’t mean they are expecting you to take care of their kids. Parents like having adult interactions even when it is harder to get out.

4. If you’re serving food, make sure there’s something the kids can eat. It’s best to ask the parents what the kiddo is eating that week (it tends to change often).

5. You can make the extra effort to provide reliable childcare at bookfairs, meetings and events. The key is making it reliable so parents can trust the childcare — it starts on-time, the kids don’t escape. Childcare is skilled hard work not an after-thought so it helps if you have toys, art supplies, games and a safe and clean space.

6. Protests can have a parent / kids block to make it more fun and inclusive. If there isn’t one, parents may find it easier to go to a march if non-parent friends come along.

7. It is okay to be more interested in hanging out with your parent friend than their kid. It is okay if you would prefer to talk about something other than diapers, naps and birthday parties. It might even help the quality of conversation to say so right up front. Your parent friend is unlikely to be offended if you don’t relate to kids, don’t want to have a kid yourself, or find kids and parenting boring. The parent knows better than you that sometimes kids and parenting are fucking boring.

8. On the other hand, kids and parenting have something to teach us about the human condition. If you’re not going to be a parent, you can still hang out with friends’ kids from time to time. Kids needs lots of adults in their lives to inspire and love them, not just biological or adoptive parents. Kids also have the same needs for respectful attention as big people.

 

Books for sleepless nights 2019

Non-fiction

How To Change Your Mind – Michael Pollan

Confessions Of A Recovering Environmentalist – Paul Kingsnorth

Braiding Sweetgrass – Robin Wall Kimmerer

Becoming Animal – David Abram

The Manifesto of the Happily Unemployed – Guillaume Paolo & The Collective

Corrosive Consciousness – Bellamy Fitzpatrick

Walking on Lava – a Dark Mountain Project Anthology

Robinson Jeffers Poet & Prophet – James Karmen

Worshipping Power: An Anarchist View of Early State Formation – Peter Gelderloos

Revolution of the Ordinary – Toril Moi

Compañeras: Zapatista Women’s Stories – Hilary Klein

Black Against Empire – Joshua Bloom and Waldo E. Martin Jr.

Making Kin Not Population – Clarke & Haraway eds.

Desert – anonymous

Against History, Against Leviathan – Fredy Perlman

Against the Grain – James C. Scott

The Drone Eats With Me – Ateh Abu Saif

Fiction

There But For The – Ali Smith

NW – Zadie Smith

Indecision – Benjamin Kunkel

The Road From Damascus – Robin Yassin-Kassab

Southern Reach Trilogy – Jeff VanderMeer

Directed By Desire – June Jordan

Their Eyes Were Watching God – Zora Neale Hurston

Homuncula – John Henri Nolette

New York 2140 – Kim Stanley Robinson

Stone Junction – Jim Dodge

Letters Of Insurgents – Nachalo & Vochek (Fredy Perlman)

Parable Of The Sower – Octavia E. Butler

Stars In My Pocket Like Grains Of Sand – Samuel R. Delany

The Word For World Is Forest – Ursula K. Le Guin

lots ‘o free anarchist zines & books – theanarchistslibrary.org

Zines

KerBloom

Black Seed

The Broken Teapot

Introduction to the 2019 Organizer

Collectively publishing a hand-drawn organizer in these dark days is a leap of faith — but it is not an act of foolishness. We have to step back to appreciate that what may seem like a moment of imminent doom may open a window for revolutionary change that we can’t see coming yet until it arrives.

Such moments call for courage, luck and inspiration. The decaying corporate/capitalist institutions rule through division, isolation, fear, violence and hierarchy. But humans don’t want to be divided from each other, from our emotions, or from the earth — we powerfully want to unite, to live in freedom and to survive.

This organizer is one of many scattered islands of counter-culture that exist not to resist, but to re-create. Settling for resistance means we are weak — it lets out oppressors pick the issues and timing so we can walk into their traps and fight on their terms. When we hatch new values focused on cooperation, kindness and love and establish do-it-yourself projects that bring us pleasure, joy, excitement and wonder, then the system has to resist us and our ideas, not the other way around.

It’s time to stop wasting time serving a system that is finished and instead do our own thing. We’re growing our power; staying with the trouble and taking care of our community in our own ways and on our own terms. It’s time to get off our knees and let go of our fear of collapse, chaos and the unknown. We hope you and your friends can use the organizer to help fight a battle for tenderness and solidarity against hate and fear. Together we are fierce.

This is the 25th time we’ve published the Slingshot organizer. Its sale raises funds to print the quarterly, radical, independent Slingshot Newspaper. We distribute the newspaper for free everywhere in the US, often at the places listed in the Radical Contact List. Let us know if you can be a local newspaper distributor in your area. Also please send us content for the paper. Thanks to the volunteers who created this year’s organizer: Abby, Amanda, Amy, Bernard, Carah, Carolita, Cleo, Dov, Eggplant, Elke, Fern, Fil, Francesca, Georgia, Hannah, Jenna, Jesse, Joey, Jonathon, Julia, Jutta, Karen, Katie, Kermit, Korvin, Lew, Melanie, Nina, Rachel, Sara, Taylor, Terilyn, Wyrm & those we forgot.

Slingshot Collective

A project of Long Haul

Physical office: 3124 Shattuck Avenue Berkeley, CA 94705

Mail: PO box 3051, Berkeley, CA 94703

510-540-0751 • slingshotcollective.org

slingshotcollective@protonmail.com • @slingshotnews

Please download our new free Slingshot Organizer smartphone app

 

Printed in Berkeley, CA on recycled paper

 

Anti-copyright.

 

All volunteer collective – no bosses, no workers, no pay.

Read Information and Inspiration (Book list)

FICTION

Stranger in a Strange Land—Robert Heinlein

To the Finland Station—Edmund Wilson

Infinite Jest—David Foster Wallace

Letters of Insurgents—Fredy Pearlman

No One Belongs Here More than You—Miranda July

Dangerous Visions—ed. Harlan Ellison

Les Guerilleres—Monique Wittig

God Resigns at the Summer Meeting and Other Plays—Nawal El Saadawi

Treasure of the Sierra Madre—B. Traven

Without a Glimmer of Remorse—Pino Cacucci

Death Ship—B Traven

Perdido Street Station—China Mieville

Stone Junction—Jim Dodge

The Sally Lockhart Mystery—Phillip Pullman

Android Karinina—Leo Tolstoy and Ben H. Winters

Bread and Roses Too—Katherine Patterson

Pride and Prejudice and Zombies—Jane Austen and Seth Grame Smith

ZINES

East Village Inly—Brooklyn NY

Ker-Bloom!—Pittsburgh, PA

Punk Punk—SF, CA

Geneva13—Geneva, NY

No Gods No Mattress—Berkeley, CA

Eat the State—Seattle, WA

Dreams of Donuts—Oakland, CA

NON FICTION

A Thousand Plateaus—Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari

Empire—Antonio Negri and Michael Hardt

The Coming Community—Giorgio Agamben

The Art of Not Being Governed—James C. Scott

The Space Between Notes: Rock and the Counter-Culture—Sheila Whiteley

Ocean of Sound: Aether Talk, Ambient Sound, and Imaginary Worlds—DAVID Toop

Women of the Arab World—ed. Nahid Toubia

Anarchism in the Chinese Revolution—Arif Dirlik

Resistance: An Indigenous Response to Neoliberalis—ed. Maria Bargh

Fearful Symmetry—A Study of William Blake—Northrop Frye and Nicholas Halmi

Zami: A New Spelling of my Name—Audre Lorde

Worshipping Walt: The Whitman Disciples—Michael Robert

Off the Wall: Political Posters of the Lebanese Civil War—Zeina Maasri

Introduction to Civil War—Tiqqun

Although of Course you End Up Becoming Yourself—Dave Lipsky

Heart Sutra—Red Pine

Lies my Teacher Told Me—James W. Lowen

People’s Park Still Blooming—Terri Compost (shameless self-promotion)

 

Beyond Doom

It can seem so attractive to just give up and say “fuck it” when we’re confronted day after day with the grim reality of our world today. Staying emotionally engaged with the ongoing industrial destruction of the environment and with pervasive human suffering from war, inequality, isolation, and misery is overwhelming. Many around us are concluding that we’re doomed—they’re giving up on the future and retreating from the struggle for a different world. Whether it’s reeling in terror about global warming, peak oil, 2012, or a coming plague, people are checking out. It can be hip to be cynically dispassionate about our world’s certain doom and the human race’s role as a cancer on the earth.

Corporations and mainstream culture cultivate this attitude because people who’ve given up make better consumers. Mainstream culture depends on a vicious cycle in which economic relations focused on individualism and seeking private profit create psychological conditions of isolation, loneliness, and meaninglessness that in turn support those same economic relations by reducing people’s ability to resist or change the system. Thus system requires constant competition and economic growth as ends on themselves, which in turn increases human impact on the environment. On a finite planet, industrial capitalism has reached the point where its ecological impacts are unsustainable, so without some change, we may in fact be doomed.

Under capitalism, each individual acts selfishly to maximize his or her consumption. A huge part of modern consumption is the quest for ever-more privacy and individuality—private cars vs public transit, houses in the suburbs vs apartments in town, packaged fast food vs group meals, a TV set for each bedroom. All of this privacy comes at a huge environmental cost. But even more costly is the psychological fallout. The more successful an individual gets, the more lonely, isolated, and meaningless their life tends to become. When you only know how to seek satisfaction through consumption and individuality, you’re constantly dissatisfied—always going in search of the next thing as soon as you realize that what you just got doesn’t make you happy. Each new degree of privacy and individuality you achieve leaves you feeling more alone, afraid, and dependent. And the more meaningless your life feels, the more you want to consume to cope with the emptiness, increasing your ecological footprint.

We refuse to participate in the system’s collective suicide. The best way to respond to the terrifying capitalist rush over ecological cliffs is to replace a sense of despair and passive resignation with courage, action, and empowerment. That means fully facing and feeling the depth and seriousness of the ecological crisis, the grinding poverty, and the war and injustice dished out by the system. Rather than turning away in despair and fear, we have to learn how to hold this scary moment in our heart, look deeply, and approach it anew. How can any of us summon so much courage? As individuals, we’re small and weak in a sea of negativity. But just as the individuality of the system makes its participants powerless and scared, when we join together with others and struggle for a different future, we are empowered.

The alternative to consumerism, individual privacy, corporate ownership, and ecological catastrophe is a new set of priorities and human interactions—sharing, collective living, cooperative work. These values and actions also create a feedback loop that makes these alternatives more powerful the more they are used. Psychologically, the more your cooperation with others to get what you need, the less alone and passive you feel. As you increasingly get to control your own destiny as an active participant rather than as a passive consumer, viewer, and employee, your self-confidence and courage builds. When you seek satisfaction inside yourself, in your relationship with other, and as part of all life on earth, your life fills with meaningfulness, engagement, and love. And as one’s life focuses on things that do not cost money and do not come from corporations, your ecological and social footprint declines. Your life connects more with those around you, and you become less dependent on sweatshops, global transport networks, and high tech gadgets.

It is crucial to keep in mind that the trappings of the seemingly solid and permanent system are in fact temporary and fleeting. Some of us can feel left behind when we try to compare ourselves with people who are successful within the mainstream society. But the socially acceptable life path you are expected to take—employment and consumerism—is not intrinsically part of the human experience or even necessary. As we increase our involvement in alternatives to the system, we alter our consciousness. We realize that social interactions that seem “natural” are in fact created by powerful people to serve their interest. It doesn’t have to be that way. We can get together and create a new reality. And we don’t have to be doomed or afraid.